Brown+vs.+Board

//BROWN V. BOARD OF EDUCATION//
 * What would break the back of Jim Crow America? What role did education play in the movement to desgregate America?**

**Using the the links provided, analyze the landmark Supreme Court case //Brown v. Board of Education//. Cut and paste the information below into a new entry on your Unit 8 Online Notebook.** ||=   || This case took place in Topeka, Kansas and was started by Oliver Brown and 13 other parents from that area. The argument was that elementary school segregation had a negative effect on African American children. The judges ruled against the case and the appeal went to the supreme court. All of the parents tried to enroll there children in white schools but were denied. //Plessy v. Ferguson// argued that the supreme court misinterpreted the protection clause of the 14th amendment. They argued that equal protection of the laws did not allow for racial segregation. 14th amendment never said that states couldn't establish segregated schools. While making the decision in 1539 supreme court justice Vinson died and president Eisenhower appointed Earl Warren who led the court to make a unanimous decision that segregated schools deprived African Americans of equal protection.
 * BASIC FACTS OF THE CASES (more than one) (check video, [|Link 1], [|Link 2], [|Link 3])**
 * MAIN ARGUMENTS OF THE PLAINTIFF (for integration) (check [|Link 1])**
 * MAIN ARGUMENTS OF THE DEFENDANTS (for segregation) (check [|Link 1])**

Differing social philosophies and ethics divided the judges on the case. In 1953 chief justice Vinson died. Vinson was for separate but equal. After he died Eisenhower appointed a new justice named Earl Warren. He helped to make the unanimous decision to overturn Plessy vs. Ferguson. This changed the decision in the Supreme Court. This ended separate but equal for America.

The main arguments of the defendants was that, one; the constitution did not require white and black children to attend the same school, two; the separation between black and white was a custom and the states should be able to control their own social affairs, three; segregation was not bad for black people, and finally; whites were making a good effort to equalize the school standards between blacks and whites. These were the main arguments for the defendants.
 * THE CHANGE IN THE COURT (leading to a decision) (check** [|**Link 1**]**)**

The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, Earl Warren, ruled in favor of Brown. It was unclear to Earl Warren whether the 14th Amendment permitted segregated education. However, he believed that segregation didn't promise African-American's equal protection under the 14th Amendment. Warren believed that segregation caused Blacks to be treated inferior to Whites. As a result, Warren and the Supreme Court ruled in favor of Brown and basically overturned Plessy v. Ferguson.
 * THE COURT DECISION (in your own words) (check** [|**Link 1**] **and Link 2)**

**ENFORCING THE DECISION (discuss "with all deliberate speed) (Check [|Link 1] ****)**  The Supreme Court declared that segregation was unconstitutional. The Court ordered that the states would end segregation "with all deliberate speed." However, there was vagueness about enforcing the rule so segregationists organized resistance. Many Southerners protested desegregation. Despite the protests, the states managed to end segregation.  African-Americans had finally achieved equality. The civil rights movement eventually included racial minorities, women, people with disabilities, and other groups. The campaign for school desegregation was the basis of the campaign for social justice. Blacks were treated much better as Thurgood Marshall became the first African-American to become the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. Many people were shocked by the determination of the Blacks and of how successful the Civil Rights era was.
 * THE IMPACT and LEGACY** **(Check** [|**Link 1**]**)**